How does the skin protect the body against microorganisms?

The correct answer highlights the role of the acid mantle, which is a thin film of fatty acids and lactic acid on the surface of the skin. This acid mantle serves several important functions in protecting the body against microorganisms.

Firstly, the acid mantle creates an environment that is slightly acidic, which is unfavorable for many pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. This acidity helps to inhibit their growth and colonization on the skin's surface. By maintaining this low pH, the skin can effectively reduce the risk of infections and maintain a healthy balance of flora.

Additionally, the acid mantle works in conjunction with other components of the skin's barrier function, such as its structural proteins and lipids, further enhancing its protective capabilities. This multifaceted approach is crucial in defending against a wide variety of microorganisms that might otherwise penetrate the skin and cause harm.

The other options, while they may contribute to skin health in different ways, do not provide the same level of specific protection against microbial invasion as the acid mantle. For example, while sweat can help in some cooling and may contain antimicrobial properties, it is not primarily responsible for the overall protective barrier that the acid mantle offers. Similarly, shedding dead skin cells plays a role in renewal and can help physically remove some pathogens, but