What condition is characterized by a humped back appearance in the vertebral column?

Kyphosis is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the spine, resulting in a humped back appearance. This condition often occurs in the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a noticeable rounding of the upper back. Kyphosis can be caused by various factors including degenerative diseases, developmental issues, or trauma.

Scoliosis, on the other hand, involves a lateral curvature of the spine, not a humped appearance, while lordosis refers to an exaggerated inward curve of the lower back. Spinal stenosis involves the narrowing of the spinal canal, which may cause discomfort or neurological issues, but it does not specifically relate to the humped back appearance that characterizes kyphosis.