What condition leads to changes in nail texture, including pitting?

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that affects the skin and can also manifest in changes to the nails. One of the hallmark signs of nail psoriasis is pitting, which refers to small depressions that appear on the surface of the nails. This occurs due to the rapid turnover of skin cells associated with psoriasis, leading to abnormal nail matrix production during the growth phase of the nail. In addition to pitting, psoriasis can also cause other nail changes such as discoloration, thickening, and even separation from the nail bed.

The other conditions listed, while they can affect the skin and overall health, do not typically lead to the specific change of pitting in the nails. Alopecia primarily affects hair, eczema is characterized by itchy and inflamed skin without specific nail involvement, and dermatitis refers to skin inflammation which does not usually manifest in this particular nail texture change. Therefore, psoriasis is the condition directly linked with the changes in nail texture, including pitting.