What encompasses everything that occupies space and has weight?

The correct response pertains to the definition of matter. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space, which aligns perfectly with the criteria specified in the question. It includes all physical substances—solids, liquids, and gases—that make up the observable universe.

In contrast, energy refers to the ability to do work or produce change and does not occupy space or have mass by itself. Force is a vector quantity that represents the interaction between objects that can lead to a change in motion but does not describe something that occupies space or has weight. Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object but does not indicate the physical substances that actually fill that space. Therefore, matter stands out as the encompassing term that fulfills all the criteria given in the question.