What hormones are secreted by the cortex of the adrenal glands?

The hormones secreted by the cortex of the adrenal glands include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones, which are essential for regulating various physiological processes in the body.

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, helping to control blood sugar levels and respond to stress. Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone, are crucial for maintaining fluid balance and regulating blood pressure by influencing sodium and potassium levels in the kidneys. Additionally, the adrenal cortex produces androgens, which are involved in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and overall reproductive function.

Each of the other options lists hormones that are produced by different glands or systems. Insulin and glucagon are secreted by the pancreas, thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland, and growth hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland. Hence, the correct identification of the hormonal output of the adrenal cortex is key in understanding its significant role in endocrine function.