What is a primary component of the natural moisturising factor (NMF)?

The primary component of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is amino acids. NMF is a complex mixture of water-soluble compounds present in the skin, primarily in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer. Its primary role is to maintain skin hydration by attracting and retaining moisture.

Amino acids, derived from the breakdown of proteins, are crucial to this function because they have hygroscopic properties, meaning they can attract water molecules and help the skin stay moisturized. They contribute to the structure and function of proteins in the skin, promote the skin barrier's integrity, and also play a significant role in skin repair and regeneration.

Other components of NMF may include salts, sugars, urea, and lactates; however, amino acids make up a significant portion and are fundamental to the moisturizing capability of the skin. This underscores their importance as a primary component in comparison to other factors like vitamins, fatty acids, or minerals, which do not serve the same moisturizing function as effectively.