What is the name of the process where a liquid is boiled and the vapor is allowed to condense?

The process of boiling a liquid and allowing the vapor to condense back into a liquid is known as distillation. This technique is commonly used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. When the liquid is heated, it transforms into vapor, which can then be collected and cooled, resulting in condensation back into a purer form of liquid.

Distillation is often employed in various industries, such as the production of essential oils, alcohol distillation, and even in the purification of water. The efficiency of this process lies in its ability to separate components of a mixture effectively, making it crucial in many scientific and industrial applications.

Other options refer to different processes that do not involve the interaction of boiling and subsequent condensation in the same way. For instance, fermentation refers to the biochemical conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol through the action of microorganisms, while evaporation signifies the process by which a liquid changes into vapor at temperatures below its boiling point. Condensation, on the other hand, is the transition of vapor back into liquid but does not encompass the initial boiling phase.