What substances make up sebum?

Sebum is a complex mixture primarily composed of lipids, along with cellular debris, including dead epithelial cells. The primary role of sebum is to provide a barrier that helps to maintain skin hydration, contributes to the skin's natural moisture balance, and has antimicrobial properties. Lipids, such as triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene, are significant components that help to create a protective layer over the skin.

The presence of epithelial cells in sebum indicates the natural shedding of skin cells, which combines with lipids to form the substance that is secreted by sebaceous glands. This mixture is crucial for skin health, as it helps in preventing excessive dryness and also protects against environmental aggressors.

In contrast, the other substance combinations mentioned do not accurately represent the makeup of sebum. While water and electrolytes play important roles in skin moisture, they do not constitute sebum. Likewise, proteins and carbohydrates do not form part of sebum's primary composition, nor do minerals and hormones, which are not relevant in this context. Understanding the composition of sebum is essential for skincare professionals, as it underpins many skincare and treatment strategies.