What type of cells support and protect neurons?

Neuroglia, also known as glial cells, provide essential support and protection for neurons in the nervous system. They play multiple supportive roles including maintaining the homeostasis of the brain environment, providing structural support, and aiding in the repair and regeneration of nervous tissue. Neuroglia are critical for the overall health and functioning of neurons – for instance, they contribute to the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from pathogens and toxins. Additionally, they assist in the maintenance of the extracellular environment, such as managing ion concentrations and neurotransmitter levels, which are vital for neuron signaling.

The other cell types mentioned—epithelial cells, stem cells, and endothelial cells—perform different functions. Epithelial cells primarily act as protective barriers and are involved in absorption and secretion. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including neurons or glial cells, but they are not primarily responsible for supporting and protecting existing neurons. Endothelial cells line blood vessels and play a role in vascular function, but they do not have the specialized roles associated with supporting neurons like neuroglia do.