Which disease is associated with a disorder of the pancreas?

Diabetes mellitus is specifically associated with disorders of the pancreas because it involves issues with insulin production and regulation. The pancreas plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism by producing insulin, a hormone essential for controlling blood sugar levels. In diabetes, either the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin (as in Type 1 diabetes) or the body becomes resistant to insulin (as in Type 2 diabetes). This directly links the condition to pancreatic function and highlights the importance of the pancreas in maintaining healthy glucose levels in the body.

In contrast, the other conditions mentioned are primarily related to different glands in the endocrine system. Adrenal insufficiency is related to inadequate hormone production from the adrenal glands, while hypothyroidism involves insufficient hormone production by the thyroid gland. Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol production, again from the adrenal glands. These conditions do not involve the pancreas in the same way diabetes mellitus does.