Which hormones are known to affect sebaceous glands?

Sex hormones, particularly androgens such as testosterone, play a significant role in the regulation of sebaceous glands. These hormones stimulate the production of sebum, the oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair. Increased levels of androgens can lead to an enlarged sebaceous gland and increased sebum production, which is often associated with acne and other skin conditions.

While thyroid hormones, growth hormones, and insulin do have various effects on the body, their direct influence on sebaceous glands is not as prominent as that of sex hormones. Thyroid hormones primarily regulate metabolism, growth hormones influence physical growth and development, and insulin plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. However, the action of sex hormones directly impacts sebaceous activity, making them crucial in understanding skin health and conditions related to oil production.