Which neural structure is responsible for gland secretion and other involuntary control?

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating involuntary bodily functions, including gland secretion and the control of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. This system is divided into two primary parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis without conscious effort.

The autonomic nervous system communicates with various glands in the body, such as the adrenal glands, pancreas, and sweat glands, to control the release of hormones and other substances necessary for bodily functions. For instance, during stress, the sympathetic system triggers the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline, preparing the body for a 'fight or flight' response.

In contrast, the cerebrum primarily handles cognitive processes such as thinking, reasoning, and sensory perception, while the cortex processes sensory information and is involved in higher-level functions. The cerebellum is mainly responsible for coordination and balance, not glandular activities or involuntary control. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system is rightly identified as the structure that governs these involuntary processes.