Which of the following best describes the role of neurotransmitters?

The role of neurotransmitters is to transmit impulses across synapses, which is a critical function in the communication between neurons. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between neurons. These chemical messengers bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron's surface, facilitating the continuation of the signal. This process enables both excitatory and inhibitory signals to be communicated, influencing various functions such as mood, cognition, and motor control.

In contrast, options describing the structural support of neurons, storage of genetic information, or energy production do not reflect the primary role of neurotransmitters. While neurons do require structural components and energy to function, these processes are separate from the neurotransmitter's primary role in synaptic transmission.