Which of the following is NOT caused by adrenaline?

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. When adrenaline is released into the bloodstream, it prepares the body for rapid action by triggering several physiological changes.

One of the effects of adrenaline is the erection of hairs, which is a part of the body's mechanism to appear larger in the face of danger (piloerection). Additionally, adrenaline increases heart rate and boosts blood glucose levels to provide energy for quick responses. These functions are vital during stressful situations or emergencies.

In contrast, increased saliva production is not a result of adrenaline. In fact, the fight-or-flight response tends to inhibit certain non-essential functions, including salivation, as the body redirects its resources to more critical systems needed for immediate survival. Instead, other hormones like acetylcholine, which promote the rest-and-digest activities, would be involved in stimulating saliva production.

Thus, the option that accurately reflects a response not caused by adrenaline is the increase in saliva production. The other choices listed are indeed effects of adrenaline release in the body.