Which of the following substances can result in local vasodilation?

Histamine is a substance that plays a critical role in local vasodilation primarily due to its action on particular receptors in the body. When released during inflammatory responses, histamine can bind to H1 receptors on blood vessel endothelial cells, causing these cells to relax. This relaxation leads to the dilation of blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the affected area, promoting the delivery of immune cells and nutrients essential for healing.

In the context of a cardiovascular response, histamine also increases the permeability of blood vessel walls, allowing fluids to move into surrounding tissues, which contributes to the characteristic swelling associated with inflammation. This process is beneficial for localized responses to injury or infection, facilitating healing mechanisms.

Other substances mentioned, like adrenaline and norepinephrine, generally induce vasoconstriction as part of the "fight or flight" response, directing blood flow to essential organs and muscles. Serotonin has a more complex role, influencing vasodilation in some contexts but typically associated with vasoconstriction in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, histamine is the most recognized substance here for its clear and direct role in causing local vasodilation.