Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for memory?

The cerebrum is primarily responsible for memory due to its role in higher cognitive functions, including learning, thinking, and emotional responses. It is divided into two hemispheres and contains structures such as the hippocampus, which is critical for forming new memories. The cerebral cortex also plays a significant role in storing and retrieving memories. This complex interaction within the cerebrum allows for various types of memory processing, such as short-term and long-term memory, making it essential for these functions.

In contrast, other parts of the brain mentioned do not have a primary role in memory. The cerebellum is mainly involved in coordinating voluntary movements and balance. The medulla oblongata controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, while the spinal cord primarily functions as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body and is not involved in memory processing. Therefore, the cerebrum is the correct answer.